POSNA summary of congenital upper limb deficiencies

The Pediatric Orthopedic Society of America (POSNA) has this summary of "congenital deficiencies of the upper limb". The discussion section, while a little technical, is nicely condensed and provides a very general overview of conditions, rates of occurrence and treatment approaches. Included is this explanation of the classification system for congenital anomalies:

The classification system developed by Swanson is now internationally accepted, and divides congenital anomalies into seven categories, failure of formation (transverse or longitudinal), failure of differentiation, duplication, overgrowth, undergrowth, constriction bands, and generalized skeletal abnormalities. A number of anomalies of the upper limb are associated with cardiac anomalies, hematologic problems, and VATER syndrome. Poland's syndrome includes hypoplasia of the pectoralis major.

For those with access to (and a desire to review) medical literature, a reference section is included at the bottom of the page. There is also a PDF version of the entire summary.